HUANG Lifu

Abstract: The experiment of using market economic mechanism by socialist countries started in the spring of 1921 when the Soviet Russia carried out the New Economic Policy. But this great innovation started by Lenin only lasted seven to eight years and was abandoned. In 1978, China undertook economic reform and opening up, moved on the road to market economy and made constantly achievements that attracted worldwide attention. Through analysis of the causes of the different fate of China and the Soviet Union’s socialist economic road in terms of a new perspective of the innovation of systematic theory, we see that, in order to get rid of economic and political crises brought about by War communism, and to implement the New Economy Policy, and to transit to the road of using market economy, the Soviet Russia met with three important basic questions in theoretical, economic and political fi elds that were in contradiction to the traditional views of Marxism. Because two and half of the three basic questions had no support from a new and systematic theory, the operation of market economic mechanism in the economic fi eld confl icted with the traditional views in the theoretical, political and social fi elds — presenting a contradiction of “making a left turn with a fl ashing right light” when market economy went deeper. Due to that the market road penetrated alone only in the economic fi eld, the new economic policy of the Soviet Union suffered an aborted fate. But China carried out a more systematic theoretical innovation in the three important basic questions of Marxism after practicing market economic reform and broke through the three barriers on the road to socialist market economy.
Key words: innovation of systematic theory; socialist market economy; comparison between China and the Soviet Union