ZHANG Guangxiang， ZHANG WenHua

(№.4,2014)

Abstract: During 1860s-1870s, Russian women began to be hired as teachers. To the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century, there was a trend of feminization, especially in rural teachers. Under the shackles of the traditional society, female teachers suffered a lot of unfair treatments. From the point of professional survival, female teachers' teaching task was arduous, they suffered too much work pressure and were passive in relationship; they had lower wages than male teachers, were not satisfied with their work, and existed a phenomenon of resignation. In the relationship with others, women teachers had less participation enthusiasm, their spiritual life was more lonely. In the non-professional area, female teachers had less chance to earn extra income than male teachers, and suffered more mistrust from peasants, marital problems were more serious, and so on. But female teachers still worked doggedly, with their own unique dedication and teaching methods, they gained unimagined result in the practice of teaching, and gradually obtained the social approval.

Keywords: Russia; rural female teachers; professional living situation; non-professional living situation